RNA molecules that bind to specific amino acids and transport them to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

RNA molecules that bind to specific amino acids and transport them to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

• A. Messenger RNA
• B. Transfer RNA
• C. Ribosomal RNA
• D. Small Nuclear RNA

Answer: (B)

This question tests knowledge of the RNA that acts as the adaptor bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Transfer RNA performs this role: each tRNA is charged with a specific amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and its anticodon pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA. At the ribosome, the amino acid carried by the tRNA is added to the growing polypeptide chain, translating the genetic code into a protein. Other RNAs have different roles: messenger RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, ribosomal RNA forms and helps the ribosome catalyze peptide bond formation, and small nuclear RNA participates in pre-mRNA splicing.

This question tests knowledge of the RNA that acts as the adaptor bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Transfer RNA performs this role: each tRNA is charged with a specific amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and its anticodon pairs with the corresponding codon on mRNA. At the ribosome, the amino acid carried by the tRNA is added to the growing polypeptide chain, translating the genetic code into a protein. Other RNAs have different roles: messenger RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, ribosomal RNA forms and helps the ribosome catalyze peptide bond formation, and small nuclear RNA participates in pre-mRNA splicing.